Caracterización genética de labio y paladar hendido sindrómico. Revisión bibliográfica

Abstract

Cleft lip and palate are congenital craniofacial defects caused by multiple genetic and environmental factors and gene-environment interaction. Objective: To know the genetic characterization and syndromes associated with cleft lip and palate by reviewing the current literature. Methodology: This is a descriptive study; a bibliographic search was conducted for indexed and scientifically based articles. Results: Cleft lip and palate is a congenital malformation with multifactorial etiology, affecting 1 in 700 newborns, of which 30% are syndromic and are associated with other developmental abnormalities. Candidate genes have been identified as causing craniofacial malformations. Conclusion: Genetic mutations constitute a broad group of syndromes that are a consequence of interaction with environmental factors. In the future, these genes will increase due to the complexity of the genetics of the craniofacial clefts, so future parents could perform a genetic test to take preventive measures.