Alteraciones hematologicas por Sars Cov-2

Abstract

COVID-19 disease has spread worldwide, causing millions of infections and deaths. Despite affecting mainly the respiratory system, recent investigations have shown that hematological alterations are a substantial part of the pathophysiology of the infection and the diagnosis. Objective: To know the main hematological alterations caused by SARS-COV-2. Methodology: This systematic review was conducted by the PRISMA statement. Searches were performed until January 31, 2023. The author evaluated the abstracts and titles of each article for selection and inclusion. Results: Complete blood count and coagulation parameters ─of patients with COVID- 19 and in serious condition, admitted to the intensive care unit, with respiratory distress syndrome and death─ were compared. Lower lymphocyte and platelet values (P ≤ 0.04), leukocytosis (P ≤ 0.039), and elevated neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (P <0.001) were related to severity; elevated D-dimer correlated with severity, death, and risk of thromboembolism (P <0.0001). The most frequent complications were thrombotic, similarly manifested in patients with long COVID. Conclusions: Certain markers were identified that might be useful for risk stratification to predict patients with severe or fatal COVID-19. Therefore, in hospitalized patients, it would be appropriate to monitor both blood biometry and coagulation, which can help to predict the severity and risk of venous thromboembolism or pulmonary embolism.