Análisis del impacto financiero del financiamiento público y privado en los emprendimientos del cantón Cuenca en el periodo 2019-2021

Abstract

In Ecuador, accessing financing faces challenges, ranging from the complexity and slowness of public sector processes to the rigid requirements imposed by private financial institutions, which makes it especially difficult for small and medium-sized enterprises to obtain the necessary resources. In this context, the study aimed to carry out a diagnosis of the actions and demand for credit or seed capital provided by financial institutions, both public and private, in entrepreneurship in the canton of Cuenca during 2019-2021. The quantitative and qualitative methodology involved a theoretical analysis of the role of financial institutions in business growth, the application of the Partial Least Squares (PLS) regression model between the opening and closing of enterprises and the Economically Active Population (EAP), and the demand for financing. Information was collected from public sources such as the Internal Revenue Service (SRI, by its Spanish acronym) and the Superintendency of Banks (SB). The results revealed that financing through credit unions significantly correlated with EAP, suggesting an essential role in supporting entrepreneurs and workers. Although private bank financing had a more fluctuating influence, both sources of financing played critical roles in the local economy. These findings highlight the relevance of financing in economic development and the need for effective policies to support entrepreneurship in the canton.