Factores psicológicos que afectan al rendimiento deportivo

Abstract

Sports performance is influenced by psychological factors such as motivation, self-confidence, and anxiety, which can positively and negatively affect an athlete’s performance. This research underscores the importance of addressing these factors comprehensively in training programs to maximize athletic potential. National and international studies highlight the need to include mental preparation alongside physical training. A qualitative descriptive bibliographic review explored literature in Google Scholar, Dialnet, SciELO, and Redalyc using keywords related to psychological factors and sports performance. Fifteen scientific articles in Spanish, published from 2014 to 2024, were selected, prioritizing studies with scientific backing. The studies on negative psychological factors affecting sports performance identified anxiety and stress as the most detrimental. Most of these studies were conducted in Spain, followed by Argentina, Ecuador, Chile, and Colombia. The research covered individual and team sports, revealing that psychological intervention is essential to mitigate these factors. It is concluded that effective management of anxiety and stress and improving self-confidence and motivation are crucial for optimizing sports performance. It is recommended that psychological management programs and regular evaluations be implemented, and group cohesion and self-confidence should be promoted to enhance sports performance.

Keywords: sports performance, psychological factors, athletes