Relación entre cambio climático y enfermedades infecciosas emergentes

Abstract

Introduction: Emerging infectious diseases (EID) are a significant global public health challenge. According to several reports from the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the appearance of diseases such as Ebola, Influenza, and Zika has increased since 1970; approximately, 75% of EIDs are zoonotic in origin. Theoretical Framework: Climate change affects public health mainly through increased temperatures, air quality, and rainfall patterns, which contribute to the emergence of EID. This phenomenon is linked to global warming caused by the greenhouse effect, which influences the distribution of vectors such as mosquitoes and ticks, allowing them to multiply and increase disease outbreaks. Furthermore, urbanization, deforestation, population growth, and international travel have facilitated the re-emergence of diseases such as dengue fever. Epidemiological monitoring, vector control, and education on preventive measures are crucial to counteract the impact of climate change on the spread of diseases. Conclusion: There is a close relationship with climate change, as it promotes the spread of vector-borne diseases. In addition, it weakens healthcare networks and the capacity to affect communities, also affecting the availability of water resources and the transmission of water-borne diseases