“La grafomotricidad para el desarrollo de la preescritura en niños de 4 a 5 años”

Abstract

Preschool programs often lack sufficient focus on developing graphomotor skills at the early level, hindering prewriting learning. Graphomotor skills are fundamental in preparing 4- to 5-year-old children for formal writing. During this crucial prewriting phase, graphomotor activities contribute to developing fine motor skills, visual-motor coordination, and visual perception. This study aimed to analyze the research findings on the impact of graphomotor skills on prewriting development in 4- to 5-year-old children. A search for information on scientific articles and doctoral and master's theses published in high-impact journals was conducted in the digital database of the Catholic University of Cuenca, in the repositories Scopus, Redalyc, Dialnet, SciELO, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Fifteen articles were identified, and nine were selected, from which a thorough analysis was made. The result showed that children who engage in activities designed to enhance graphomotor skills reached outstanding achievement in both graphomotor skills and prewriting, and progress was evidenced in graphomotor skills linked to prewriting. Conclusions: Among the main precursor areas for prewriting is the motor domain, specifically visual-motor coordination and fine motor skills. These skills enable children to manipulate the graphic instrument to produce controlled strokes essential for prewriting tasks. Graphomotor skills focus on developing and improving the fine motor skills and visual-motor coordination necessary for writing.