Hipotiroidismo durante el embarazo: diagnóstico y tratamiento

Abstract

Introduction: Hypothyroidism is considered one of the most common endocrinological pathologies in our environment, representing 30% of the incidence in pregnant women. Thyroid hormones (T3, T4, and TSH) are essential during pregnancy. They compromise intellectual development, pulmonary maturation, central nervous system, bone involvement, and cardiovascular system of the fetus. Methodology: This study includes integrity and scientific quality documentation with solid evidence. The organized search considers articles and publications from scientific literature platforms such as Medline, SciELO, PubMed, Scopus, and Uptodate. Results: A total of 26 studies were included. It was evident that 58% of patients experienced complications during pregnancy. Neurological development deficits and low birth weight infants accounted for 20% of cases. Worsening thyroid symptoms were reported in 12%, while 12% of studies did not detail complications in patient control or symptoms. Conclusions: Hypothyroidism is diagnosed based on blood thyroid hormone values (TSH and T4). TSH is the gold standard and a sensitive marker of thyroid function, with values ranging from 4.5 to 10 mU/L. The treatment is levothyroxine, with an initial dose of 50 μg/day for newcomers and 100 μg/day for patients with a history of thyroid disease, aiming to achieve optimal TSH levels.