Calidad de vida en el adulto y adulto mayor con insuficiencia renal crónica asociada al tratamiento de hemodiálisis en Latinoamérica

Abstract

Renal failure is the gradual loss of kidney function with functional and/or structural lesions, evidenced by decreased glomerular filtration. Objective: To analyze the quality of life in adults and older adults with chronic renal failure associated with hemodialysis treatment in Latin America. Method: A bibliographic review was conducted by searching articles in scientific databases such as Scopus, Ovid, Scielo, Index, Redalyc, ProQuest, Taylor and Francis group; with search equations in Spanish and English, obtaining, as a result, 56 articles that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria and responded to the research questions. Results: Regarding prevalence, it was found that more than 50% of the elderly population presented chronic renal failure and the main associated factors were arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Depression and physical deterioration were identified as consequences of the treatment. Nursing interventions are indispensable during hemodialysis for electrolyte control, avoidance of skin infections due to the catheter, and education for self-care. Conclusion: Chronic renal failure has a high prevalence. This pathology generates physical and emotional damage due to hemodialysis treatment. Nursing interventions are essential for the care and promotion of health since this process directly affects the quality of life in the physical, psychological, emotional, sexual, economic, and social areas, not only of the patients but also of the people around them.