Reducción del impacto ambiental de los bloques de hormigón a partir de residuos plásticos

Abstract

This study explores the production of sustainable concrete blocks by incorporating recycled polypropylene plastic from bottle caps as a partial substitute for conventional aggregates. This research proposes a viable alternative to traditional concrete blocks, aiming to reduce the environmental impact associated with the extraction of natural resources and plastic waste generation. The material was analyzed, focusing on strength and absorption, which are parameters that determine the block's suitability. The research included a review of current regulations, which were essential for establishing the technical requirements that the prototype had to meet. A mix ratio of 0.87 H2O, 1.94 C, 7.58 G, and 6.59 A was developed based on laboratory results. The final mix ratio was optimized to account for a 0.03% waste factor, resulting in a composition of 0.9 H2O, 2.1 C, 7.0 A, and 8.0 G. Various percentages of recycled plastic (10% to 30%) were incorporated as a gravel substitute to maximize performance and comply with current regulations. The study demonstrates that the concrete block containing 20% plastic meets strength standards and offers a sustainable construction approach by reducing cement consumption and lowering the embodied energy of each block. Furthermore, the prototype, costing 0.46 USD, represents savings in construction materials, providing an eco-friendly solution to the overproduction of plastic waste.