Factores asociados al fracaso en un tratamiento endodóntico. Revisión bibliográfica

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to identify the most relevant factors that negatively influence the success of endodontic treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A literature review was conducted to describe the influence of internal root canal anatomy on failed primary endodontic treatments, using PubMed, SciELO, and Google Scholar databases. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, resulting in a total of 12 articles relevant to the topic of study. RESULTS: Among the 12 studies reviewed, 66.6% reported that the failure to locate root canals is a cause of endodontic treatment failure. An overall 30.36% of root canals were found to be untreated, including 58.69% of second mesiobuccal “MB2” canals, according to the analysis of seven authors. Additionally, 33.3% of the studies highlighted that C-shaped canals predispose to endodontic failure, demonstrating that their complex anatomy can make instrumentation and obturation difficult, contributing to unfavorable clinical outcomes. CONCLUSION: The omission of root canals such as MB2 and those with C-shaped morphology is an important cause of endodontic failure, often linked to persistent infections and periapical lesions. Detection and successful treatment depend on the use of advanced technologies such as cone-beam computed tomography and optical magnification, as well as the clinical experience of the operator. A meticulous technique based on anatomical knowledge and appropriate diagnosis resources is key to improving outcomes in endodontics. Keywords: Endodontic retreatment, endodontic failure, root canals