Trauma Esplénico: Tratamiento Conservador vs Quirúrgico y sus complicaciones

Abstract

Spleen trauma is a lesion that affects the spleen due to traumatic events such as car accidents, falls, or sports injuries; it presents a significant medical challenge. Therefore, this study aims to know the available treatment options for spleen trauma and the implications of choosing between conservative and surgical treatment. Methodology: A literature review was conducted, including descriptors related to spleen trauma and its treatment, with a qualitative approach. Results: Conservative treatment in managing spleen trauma emerges as a safe and efficient option, supported by multiple studies. It offers a high success rate, preserves splenic function, and tends to have fewer complications than surgery. However, constant monitoring is emphasized as complications may arise over time. Additionally, the clinical situation of each case, especially in immunocompromised patients, must be considered to address potential complications related to the immune system. Conclusions: Conservative treatment in spleen trauma appears to be a safe and effective option, supported by a high success rate and a low incidence of serious complications. However, it is not without risks, like hemorrhagic and hypovolemic shock. Careful evaluation of hemodynamic stability and the severity of the spleen injury is crucial when considering this strategy. Furthermore, taking into account individual factors, the decision between conservative treatment and surgery should be personalized.