Principales factores de riesgo asociados a lesiones de la mucosa bucal por uso prótesis removibles parciales y totales. Revisión bibliográfica.

Abstract

Objective: To identify the primary risk factors associated with injuries to the oral mucosa due to the use of partial and total removable dentures. Materials and methods: It was carried out in three phases; in the first phase, the search was conducted in databases such as Scopus, PudMed, Google Scholar, and SciELO, Redalyc, and Research Gate journals; it was developed using keywords obtained through DeCS and MeSH descriptors, combining them with the Boolean operators "AND" and "OR" and eligibility criteria; in the second phase, 315 scientific articles were collected in total. Each of the articles was evaluated by an independent reviewer, obtaining 40 articles needed for the study; finally, in the third phase, it was performed the extraction of relevant and competent data on the subject. Results: The main risk factors associated with mucosal lesions were determined to be: habits, systemic diseases, prosthetic maladjustment, lifetime of the prosthesis greater than 5 -10 years, 24h/day use, biofilm, and technical status of the prosthesis. The lesions developed were denture stomatitis with or without candidiasis, traumatic ulcers, palate hyperplasia, cleft epulis, and hyperkeratosis; finally, injuries are more prone in women due to changes throughout life and are more frequent in the elderly. Conclusion: Edentulism is one of the reasons for developing risk factors, which cause a series of oral lesions in patients with dental prostheses regardless of age and sex; it is simply a global problem.