El autocuidado desde la teoría de Dorothea Orem en pacientes con hipertensión arterial

Abstract

Introduction: Self-care is a set of activities that individuals perform for their benefit to improve their quality of life and the maintenance of health and well-being; while arterial hypertension is a pathology caused by elevated pressure exerted by the blood on the arteries affecting 1130 million people worldwide. Objective: To conduct a literature review on self-care from Dorothea Orem's theory in patients with arterial hypertension. Methodology: A literature review related to the topic was conducted in scientific databases and institutional repositories between 2016 and 2020. Results: At the Latin American level, the prevalence of HT in Colombia, Peru, and Mexico had a high percentage; associated factors, such as longevity, gender, obesity, and family history should be considered; to prevent the disease and decide on pharmacological or non-pharmacological treatment; education has been a relevant strategy for coping and improving the health of these patients; additionally, psychological, affective and environmental factors affect the self-care of patients. Conclusion: The prevalence of hypertension in Latin America continues to be one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality despite treatment and promotion and prevention measures; therefore, the self-care described by Dorothea Orem should be considered in the scientific methodology applied by the nursing staff through the nursing process.