Factores de riesgos que influyen en el contagio de virus de papiloma humano en mujeres adolescentes

Abstract

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a sexually transmitted infection that primarily affects young people and is transmitted through unprotected sexual intercourse with an infected partner. This pathogen is prevalent among nearly all sexually active individuals, regardless of sex, sexual orientation, or gender identity. Objective: This study aimed to determine the risk factors influencing HPV infection in adolescent girls. Methodology: A meta-study and descriptive literature review was used through a mixed-method approach. The strategy chosen for this study was a review of databases such as SciELO, Scopus, Google Scholar, PubMed, and DSpace, addressing 40 publications and selecting ten articles with a quantitative focus and five with a qualitative one, allowing for a comprehensive examination of the topic. Results: The results showed that the main risk factors identified for HPV infection in adolescent girls were unsafe sexual practices, a high number of sexual couples often with a high risk of transmission, a lack of knowledge regarding sexual education, and demographic factors, such as socioeconomic status, education level, and psychological factors. Conclusions: The primary age group with a high HPV infection incidence and impact is adolescent girls under the age of 25. It is recommended to strengthen sexual health services by providing preventive talks to promote optimal sexuality, exploring topics such as HPV infection and its main complication, cervical cancer.