Relación entre el Parkinson y la depresión: causas y tratamiento

Abstract

Introduction: Patients with Parkinson's disease present a higher incidence of depressive symptoms compared to the general population. This association is attributed to neurobiological, psychological, and psychosocial factors. Treatment is of vital importance due to the multiple implications depression may have on disease progression and patients’ quality of life, since effective treatment of depression can contribute to an improvement in the emotional, social, and functional well-being of the patient with Parkinson's disease. This paper aims to describe the relationship between Parkinson's disease and depression, with reference to its causes and treatment. Literature Review: A narrative-type investigation was conducted, including 15 articles in Spanish and English from the last 5 years. The current literature highlights dopaminergic neuronal degeneration in the central nervous system as the main cause of Parkinson's disease. Regarding treatment, the efficacy of antidepressants already used in clinical practice has been demonstrated, as well as alternative therapies. These findings underscore the importance of a comprehensive approach to treating depression in patients with Parkinson's disease. Conclusions: The relationship between Parkinson's disease and depression is complex, as it involves neurobiological, psychological, and social causes. The psychological impact of a chronic illness and the loss of independence lead to social isolation, which can exacerbate depressive episodes. Conventional antidepressant treatments are effective; however, alternative therapies have also demonstrated their value and effectiveness in improving motor and non-motor symptoms associated with Parkinson's disease.