Manejo prequirúrgico en cirugía de terceros molares en pacientes anticoagulados. Revisión de literatura

Abstract

This study aimed to analyze, through a review of the literature, the most appropriate preoperative management for anticoagulated patients undergoing third molar surgery. The research adopted a qualitative approach with a descriptive design. Information was collected through a comprehensive literature search in recognized academic databases such as Scopus, Taylor & Francis, SciELO, ProQuest, PubMed, and Dialnet, using Boolean operators such as “AND” and “OR.” This review revealed that, in most cases, third molar surgery in anticoagulated patients can be performed safely without interrupting anticoagulant therapy. Treatment interruption is only justified in extreme cases and strictly under medical supervision. Methods such as antifibrinolytic drugs, compression sutures, and topical treatments have been shown to be beneficial. However, significant diversity persists in the protocols used, underscoring the importance of standardizing clinical criteria to improve the safety and reproducibility of surgery. Regarding clinical protocols and techniques for ensuring surgical safety in anticoagulated patients, current research emphasizes conservative anticoagulant treatment accompanied by strict local control of bleeding. This demonstrates that safety depends less on modifying the pharmacological regimen than on operating under optimal conditions, with clear information about the patient's health and the necessary professional resources