Factores de riesgo asociados al consumo de sustancias ilícitas en estudiantes universitarios. Revisión Sistemática.

Abstract

Illicit substance consumption among university students has a multifactorial origin due to the influence of various risk factors, including environmental, genetic, and individual aspects. In young university students, it leads to significant personal, familial, and academic consequences. Illicit substance consumption is influenced by a lack of prevention and psychoeducational focus and by fostering values, attitudes, and healthy emotions initially at home, in schools, universities, and at the state level. Objective: To determine the risk factors associated with illicit substance consumption among university students. Methodology: A systematic review with a qualitative, descriptive approach was conducted. It involved searching for original articles in scientifically accredited virtual libraries and databases using the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Data from documents were sourced from online databases such as SciELO, Redalyc, Taylor & Francis, and Web of Science. Each study was evaluated for quality and bias. Results: The studies used in this review were of excellent quality, with a low risk of bias. Results revealed that risk factors leading to illicit substance consumption include demographic factors (gender, age, occupation, socioeconomic status, educational level, and religion); social factors (parties, family relationships, and recreational activities); psychological factors (primarily anxiety, depression, stress, personality traits, and self-esteem); work-related factors (employment and workplace conflicts); and academic factors (course preferences, part-time studies, failed semesters, peer groups, academic performance, lack of understanding and concentration). Other factors with a lesser association include bullying and quality of life. Keywords: illicit substances, university students, risk factors, drug consumption, prevention