Intervencion de enfermería en la conducta sexual en adolescentes de latinoamérica

Abstract

Introduction: Adolescent sexual risk behavior is related to cognitive and psychosocial factors, substance use, unprotected sex, and technology use, leading to unplanned pregnancies and STIs; nursing intervention through education improves sexual risk behaviors. Methodology: A literature review was conducted by searching scientific articles published in the last five years in databases such as Web of Science, Scopus, ProQuest, PubMed, Redalyc, SciELO, and institutional pages such as WHO and PAHO. Results: Risky sexual behaviors are unprotected sex, drug use, alcohol, and multiple sexual partners. Factors associated with sexual behaviors are family dysfunction and technology. Diseases related to intercourse include gonorrhea, syphilis, genital herpes, human papillomavirus, and HIV, among the most common. Nursing interventions are based on an educational approach of inclusion in a discussion about sexual and reproductive health to achieve empowerment about their sexuality and facilitate decision-making in a conscious and accessible manner. Educational topics include STIs, sexual and reproductive rights, and teen pregnancy prevention. Conclusion: Sexual practices in adolescents is influenced by factors that can determine problems such as sexually transmitted diseases and adolescent pregnancy. Nursing interventions have improved their knowledge and practices for a healthy sexual life; however, it is necessary to reinforce these through public policies. Keywords: Nursing care, sexual behavior, intervention, adolescents, sexually transmitted infections, Latin America.