Comportamiento físico y mecánico de elementos expuestos al fuego: mampostería +enlucido (paneles de ladrillo)

Abstract

This research analyzed the physical and mechanical behavior of brick panels with plaster exposed to fire conditions (simulated in an oven manufactured in Ricaurte in the laboratories of the University). Specifically, it was tested how exposure to high temperatures for periods of 5, 10, and 15 minutes affects the structural performance of the panels. Compression and flexural tests were also conducted on panels in two variations:

- Plaster on both sides (Both faces of the panel) and

- The plaster is on only one side (One-panel face).

The results show changes in the panels' strength and load-carrying capacity after fire exposure. The most significant aspect of the tests is that the adhesion between brick and plaster is lost as the time in the oven increases, meaning that the mortar mostly suffers from a decrease in its resistance during the tests.

However, it is emphasized that plaster is of utmost importance to protect the joints between bricks, preventing collapse due to heat. In all cases, the panel's performance depends on the masonry's properties and the plaster's additional protection. This study highlights the importance of considering the effect of fire on structural design, safe construction with masonry, and considering construction processes after design. The results provide relevant evidence on the behavior of this type of construction element under simulated fire conditions.