Diagnóstico prenatal de esquizencefalia de labio abierto: reporte de caso

Abstract

Introduction: Schizencephaly is a congenital malformation where there is compromise of the subarachnoid space presenting clefts that communicate with the lateral ventricles. Its etiology is heterogeneous and unspecified. There are two types of Schizencephaly: closed lip type I and open lip type II. The prenatal diagnosis of this pathology is by ultrasonography from the 24th week of gestation by means of ultrasonography, but the method of choice is magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) since it has greater sensitivity in detecting this condition. Schizencephaly is a rare finding, so there are no guidelines or data to help review the scientific literature; however, in the US, 1/100.00 live newborns are reported. The prognosis and neonatal evolution resulted from the type and location of the lesion, with unilateral and closed lip lesions having a better prognosis. The treatment will consist of the administration of drugs to prevent epileptic seizures and in the case of association with hydrocephalus, it will be purely surgical. Presentation of the case: A case of a 31-year-old multipregnant patient with a pregnancy of 38.6 weeks of gestation with prenatal diagnosis of a fetus with ultrasonographic findings of open lip or type II schizencephaly plus intrauterine growth restriction was presented. Conclusion: Early diagnosis, good postnatal management and efficient treatment; positivelyfavoring the quality of life of these patients.