Síndrome de Plummer Vinson. Reporte de caso

Abstract

Introduction This clinical case presents a 37-year-old female patient with untreated chronic iron-deficiency anemia who presented with progressive dysphagia and symptoms of weakness and depression. The relevance of this report lies in the fact that there are fewer than three documented cases of Plummer-Vinson syndrome in Ecuador, highlighting the importance of early detection. This underrecognized syndrome has serious implications, as timely management can prevent its progression to esophageal carcinoma. Main Symptoms The patient presented with muscle weakness, dyspnea on exertion, and difficulty swallowing both solids and liquids. Physical examination revealed pallor, brittle nails, and changes in the oral cavity, such as a smooth tongue and angular cheilitis. Laboratory tests confirmed hypochromic microcytic anemia with vitamin B12 and folic acid deficiency, consistent with advanced iron deficiency anemia. Diagnosis and Treatment Plummer-Vinson syndrome was diagnosed clinically due to the presence of severe iron deficiency anemia and endoscopic findings. Treatment began with iron, vitamin B12, and folic acid supplements, along with nutritional support. Additionally, three sequential esophageal dilations were performed to alleviate the dysphagia, resulting in an effective response. Conclusion The patient fully regained her swallowing ability, and follow-up endoscopies revealed an esophageal mucosa without complications. This case highlights the importance of thorough diagnosis and treatment of Plummer-Vinson syndrome, demonstrating that combined supplementation and esophageal dilation can alleviate symptoms and prevent future complications.