Periodontitis en pacientes con tratamiento ortodóntico. Revisión de la literatura

Abstract

This study aimed to analyze the interrelationship between periodontitis and orthodontic treatments in adult patients by reviewing the scientific literature. A qualitative approach with a descriptive design was used. This allowed for a comprehensive analysis of periodontitis in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment. Information was collected through a comprehensive literature search in recognized academic databases, including PubMed, Taylor & Francis, SciELO, ProQuest, and Dialnet, using Boolean operators “AND” and “OR.” The findings of this study show a bidirectional association between periodontitis and orthodontic treatment in adult patients, indicating that periodontal health has a direct impact on the therapeutic success of orthodontic treatment. Controlled tooth movement was shown to be effective when used in a stable periodontal environment and under interdisciplinary supervision. However, the use of fixed appliances, especially for long-term therapies, increases the risk of gingival irritation, recession, attachment loss, and changes in oral flora if not complemented by strict dental hygiene and continuous professional follow-up. A high prevalence of periodontal disease has also been reported in orthodontic patients, emphasizing the importance of a comprehensive periodontal diagnosis with Ciencia y Educación (L-ISSN: 2790-8402 E-ISSN: 2707-3378) Vol. 6 No. 9.2 Edición Especial III 2025 Página 782 pretreatment, intratreatment, and posttreatment measures, as well as the implementation of preventive and personalized strategies to reduce complications