Carcinoma epidermoide del esófago: reporte de caso

Abstract

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma is the ninth most common malignant tumor worldwide and the sixth most common cause of mortality related to gastrointestinal cancer. Esophageal cancer is divided into two histological types, dysplasia or carcinoma, with squamous cell carcinoma being the predominant pathology. Diagnosis is made through histopathology and contrast-enhanced tomography, which allows differentiation of important characteristics such as tumor size and, in some cases, fistula formation. This study presents a case of a 45-year-old female patient with an 82% intellectual disability. Her medical history includes excision of an inguinal mass 1 year and 6 months ago and a gastrostomy performed 2 months ago for feeding. Family history includes a father with bladder cancer and a mother with stomach cancer. The patient presented to consultation due to the presence of a mass in the neck. A contrast-enhanced tomography extension study of the neck and thorax evidenced a slightly vascularized solid neoplasm, likely dependent on the esophagus. Additionally, a fistulography identified a cutaneous fistula. The patient is currently undergoing chemotherapy treatment with good tolerance. The main diagnosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma is made by histopathology; however, contrast-enhanced tomography is a highly important technique as a tool that allows the differentiation of the characteristics of the neoplasm's extent, size, and potential dissemination.