Calidad de sueño y su relación con la obesidad: revisión sistemática

Abstract

Background: Obesity is currently recognized as a global epidemic which, by 2024, will affect more than one billion individuals and is associated with multiple comorbidities. At the same time, poor sleep quality is emerging as a significant risk factor for this condition. Objective: To analyze the relationship between sleep quality and obesity through a systematic review of the current scientific literature. Methods: Following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines and the PEO model, observational studies published in the last five years that focused on analyzing sleep quality and obesity were considered. The NIH, JBI, and Cochrane ROB-1 tools were used to assess the methodological quality and risk of bias of the studies. Results: Twenty-five studies were identified that reported a consistent relationship between poor sleep quality and overweight or obesity in the 40-60 age group. The results indicate that most of the studies are of high quality, and that the risk of bias is between low and moderate. Conclusions: Sleep quality and persistence directly influence obesity risk, as both insufficient and excessive sleep, along with circadian rhythm disturbances, increase the likelihood of becoming overweight. Therefore, improving sleep habits and detecting sleep disorders early is essential for preventing and managing obesity and reducing its complications. Keywords: sleep quality, metabolic factors, obesity