Actitudes de los familiares hacia las discapacidades cognitivas en infantes y su influencia en el desarrollo adaptativo.

Abstract

Introduction. Family attitudes toward cognitive disability in children are a determining factor in their adaptive development, influencing their opportunities for social inclusion and overall well-being. Objective. To analyze family attitudes toward cognitive disabilities in children and their influence on adaptive development. Methodology. A qualitative and descriptive literature review was conducted, selecting scientific articles published between 2019 and 2024 in Spanish and English from high-impact databases such as Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Inclusion criteria related to currency, thematic relevance, and family context were applied, and data were analyzed based on the coding of emergent themes linked to attitudes and adaptive development. Results. The review showed that favorable family attitudes, such as acceptance, emotional support, and the promotion of autonomy, foster children's self-esteem, family cohesion, and quality of life. In contrast, disapproval, overprotection, and a low willingness to provide support were associated with greater emotional and social difficulties, as well as a lower perception of well-being. Furthermore, family resilience and empowerment were highlighted as key protective factors in coping with adversity. Conclusion. Promoting constructive attitudes and developing parental skills are essential strategies to enhance adaptive development. It is recommended to implement comprehensive interventions and family support programs that facilitate social inclusion and improve children’s quality of life.