Correlación entre citometría de flujo y respuesta al tratamiento de primera línea en adultos con Leucemia Linfoblástica Aguda de células B en el Instituto de Lucha Contra el Cáncer de la ciudad de Cuenca, 2019-2023

Abstract

Introduction B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) is a frequent type of hematological neoplasm in children and young adults, characterized by its high resistance to conventional treatments. This study analyzes the relationship between flow cytometry results and the initial response to treatment in patients with B-ALL treated at the Cancer Control Institute of Cuenca from 2019 to 2023. The main objective was to determine whether the immunophenotypic profile is related to disease remission or progression. Methodology A retrospective analysis of 66 patients diagnosed with B-ALL was conducted. Flow cytometry was used to evaluate minimal residual disease (MRD) before and after treatment and to identify the presence of CD10, CD19, CD79, and CD81 markers. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Catholic University of Cuenca (UCACUE, by its Spanish acronym) and the teaching department of SOLCA, guaranteeing data confidentiality. Results It was observed that 39.4% of patients presented positive MRD after treatment, with a significant association with the CD81 marker. The most commonly used therapeutic regimens were HIPERCV and PETHEMA, while CALGB was the least frequent. Conclusions The detection of the CD81 marker is associated with the presence of MRD, suggesting its potential as a prognostic indicator in B-ALL. These findings highlight the relevance of flow cytometry in evaluating therapeutic response and the importance of developing personalized treatment strategies. This study provides evidence to improve the clinical management of B-ALL and optimize resource utilization in hospital settings.