Eficacia de los cambios en el estilo de vida para el manejo de pacientes con Síndrome de Ovario Poliquístico: revisión sistemática

Abstract

Background: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine-metabolic disorder affecting women of reproductive age. It is primarily associated with genetic predisposition, androgen excess, and insulin resistance. As a result, its treatment usually includes lifestyle interventions aimed at controlling weight and reducing associated complications. Objective: To determine the efficacy of lifestyle modifications in improving clinical outcomes and quality of life in patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Methods: A systematic review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A total of 15 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included, all rigorously evaluating the proposed hypothesis. The RoB-2 tool was also used to assess the risk of bias in the selected studies. Results: The reviewed studies demonstrated that lifestyle interventions led to significant improvements in patients with PCOS, including a marked reduction in insulin resistance (p<0.001) and testosterone levels (p=0.005), as well as favorable changes in anthropometric measurements. Additionally, improvements in quality of life were reported, particularly in emotional and physical domains. However, the efficacy varied depending on the type of intervention, and adherence to the programs tended to decrease after six months. These findings suggest the need for individualized approaches and continuous follow-up to ensure long-term efficacy. Keywords: lifestyle, metabolic management, polycystic ovary syndrome