Actualización del tratamiento de la esclerosis lateral amiotrófica

Abstract

Background: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, also known as Lou Gehrig disease, is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder affecting upper or lower motor neurons. Its origin is multifactorial. It is characteristic that patient death occurs after 3 years from the onset of the disease, being the most frequent cause due to respiratory failure. Its incidence in European and North American populations, and in New Zealand is approximately 1.8/100,000 inhabitants per year. This research will be carried out to analyze the current treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, through a systematic review, to identify the available treatments, within which emphasis will be placed on non-pharmacological treatments and pharmacological treatments. Methods: Databases such as Elsevier, UptoDate and PubMed were used to search for original articles that were five years old, which made it possible to analyze the data provided through a selection made with a bibliographic search matrix. The PRISMA 2020 statement was used to screen the data. Results: Twenty-four studies reflecting current treatments that have been tested in patient populations with a diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis were included in this research. Conclusions: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis requires multidisciplinary treatment, which can be separated into pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment. This highlights the importance of emerging treatments that delay ALS progression or provide symptomatic management. Key words: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, pharmacological treatment, non-pharmacological treatment