Avances en la investigación de xenotrasplantes. Revisión Sistemática

Abstract

Introduction: Xenotransplantation involves the transplantation of genetically modified animal cells, tissues, or organs into human recipients. The increase in human life expectancy has led to a growing number of patients with chronic diseases and end-stage organ failure. Although transplantation remains the most effective treatment, there is a significant imbalance between organ supply and demand. As a potential solution, xenotransplantation has emerged as a promising alternative. Objective: To examine recent advances in xenotransplantation research. Methodology: A systematic review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, using literature from the last five years retrieved from the PubMed and ScienceDirect databases. Results: Ten high-impact studies were included, focusing on post-transplant survival, the use of immunosuppressive therapy, genetic modification of donor species, and immune rejection in clinical trials. Conclusions: The review reveals promising advances, particularly in improving the survival of porcine renal xenografts. These advances are attributed to enhanced immunosuppressive therapies and genetic engineering, which improve compatibility. However, challenges remain. Although genetic modifications in humanized pigs show potential, recipient survival remains limited. The heterogeneity of studies underscores the need for well-structured future research to significantly advance this emerging medical field. Keywords: xenotransplantation, immunological barrier, kidney transplantation, genetic engineering, public health