Análogos GLP-1 en pacientes con obesidad y diabetes mellitus tipo 2

Abstract

Introduction: Obesity is the excessive accumulation of body fat that characterizes it and is a primary risk factor for developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM-2). These conditions are considered global public health issues and are seen as two of the top five risk factors for mortality and morbidity. Therefore, in recent years, efforts have been made to eradicate high percentages of patients with obesity using new therapeutic measures such as the administration of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) analog drugs. Literature Review: Based on various characteristics of obesity’s pathophysiology and the mechanism of action of the incretin hormone GLP-1 in the human body, there is a close relationship between obesity and the development of type 2 diabetes, due to alterations in appetite and glucose regulation. Treatment of diabetes and obesity includes lifestyle changes, pharmacological therapies, and, in severe cases of obesity, bariatric surgery. Conclusions: GLP-1 analogs are considered therapeutic options for obesity and DM-2. Drugs such as liraglutide, semaglutide, and dulaglutide increase insulin production, decrease glucagon levels, and promote satiety, resulting in weight loss and glycemic control. These drugs can reduce body weight by over 5% and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels by approximately 1.9%.