Principales manifestaciones clínicas en miocardiopatía por LONG COVID

Abstract

Introduction: SARS-CoV-2 virus infection generated an immediate global impact due to its high morbidity and mortality. In the long term, the infection shows extra-pulmonary involvement: neurological, muscular, renal, hepatic, and mainly cardiomyopathy repercussions; the latter condition presents multiple clinical manifestations similar to those of other cardiac pathologies that currently do not include COVID-19 as their ethology. Literature Review: LONG COVID is an affectation that appears three months after SARS- Cov- 2 was transmitted; its link with cardiomyopathy is around 25%, according to the analyzed studies. Through the inflammatory process, endothelial damage, autoimmune response, and thrombotic complications, the virus influences the organic dysfunction of the cardiac muscle that manifests with chest pain, fatigue, dyspnea, and arrhythmias (tachycardia), changing the patient's life. Diagnosis requires a thorough anamnesis, clinical approach, laboratory tests, and studies such as electrocardiogram and echocardiogram. Treatment is aimed at symptomatology management with immunomodulatory therapies, cardiac rehabilitation, anti-fibrotic drugs, and anticoagulation. The study of oral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and colchicine for pericarditis has been initiated. Conclusion: The main impairment of LONG COVID at the cardiac level is to the muscle, generating right ventricular dysfunction and atrial fibrillation, which leads to manifestations similar to other cardiorespiratory pathologies. It is necessary to consider LONG COVID within the current etiology of cardiomyopathies to provide patients a correct diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis.