Prevalencia y factores de riesgo del síndrome de intestino irritable en adultos jóvenes. Revisión Sistemática

Abstract

Background: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a disorder of the digestive system, most prevalent among young adults, causing irregular episodes of abdominal pain, bloating, flatulence, and diarrhea or constipation (1). In 2012, the global prevalence of IBS was estimated at 11.2%, with a higher incidence in women. By 2017, the worldwide prevalence of IBS was 8.8%, while in the Americas it reached 17.5%. Based on the diagnostic criteria, prevalence rates were: Manning (24.8%), Rome II (20.4%), Rome III (15.2%) in countries such as Mexico, Nicaragua, Argentina, Colombia, Uruguay, Peru, Brazil, Venezuela, and Chile (2); and finally, Rome IV (12%). The general objective of the study is based on analyzing the risk factors and prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome in young adults through a systematic review aimed at updating medical knowledge. Methods: This systematic review searched for studies such as meta-analyses, randomized controlled and uncontrolled clinical trials published in scientific articles and graduate or undergraduate theses, using Boolean connectors (AND, OR, NOT), in databases such as Scopus, UpToDate, DynaMed, and Redalyc, among others. Results: The findings were analyzed according to the prevalence of IBS and its associated risk factors. Conclusions: The study concluded that the prevalence of IBS remains significant and varies by geographic region and associated factors. The most related risk factors include psychosocial components, such as stress, anxiety, and depression. Keywords: irritable, bowel, syndrome, prevalence, factors