Manifestaciones clínicas del síndrome inflamatorio multisistémico asociado a COVID-19. Revisión Sistemática.

Abstract

Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome (MIS) is a rare but serious COVID-19 condition resulting from an abnormal immune response characterized by inflammation. In Ecuador, 410 cases were reported by May 2020, with Guayas being the province with the highest percentage (30.73%). Objective: To identify the most frequent and non-severe clinical manifestations of multisystem inflammatory syndrome. Methodology: Data were obtained from scientific databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, Jaypee Journal, Scoupus, and ScienceDirect. Studies in English and Spanish since 2020 focused on MIS in the pediatric population were included. Results: The three main medical organizations present similar diagnostic criteria, with differences in age range: the WHO includes adolescents up to 19 years old, while the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) and Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health (RCPCH) include them up to 21 years. Among the 20 analyzed studies, the most common symptoms were gastrointestinal and mucocutaneous. The predominant age group was 8 to 8.9 years, with a higher incidence in males. Conclusions: Frequent gastrointestinal symptoms include abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. Regarding mucocutaneous symptoms, conjunctival injection, skin rash, and exanthems stand out. Lymphadenopathies occur less frequently. Less common symptoms affect the neurological and respiratory systems, including seizures, headache, dyspnea, and cough. Keywords: multisystem inflammatory syndrome, clinical manifestations, COVID-19, age, gender