Factores predisponentes en el desarrollo de nefritis lúpica en pacientes con lupus eritematoso sistémico

Abstract

Systemic lupus erythematosus is an autoimmune disease that affects several human tissues. One of the most common and severe complications is renal involvement, especially lupus nephropathy, which represents one of the causes of the highest morbidity and mortality in patients with lupus. It is more associated with black people than white people and is more detrimental in young patients than in adults. In several studies, nephritis is associated with female sex, considered as one of the predisposing factors in this nephropathy. There are also several factors, such as genetic mutations, where there is alteration at the level of complement pathways, DNA/RNA elimination, and nucleic acid detection. Histological data, such as those identifying immune complexes with antibodies and complement formation, are also considered; the most critical biomarkers are proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and cell adhesion molecules. Some neuropathic antibodies are involved in the development of nephritis, especially anti-dsDNA. The classification of the disease is based on the histological characteristics identified in the renal biopsy; therefore, there are six types. Treatment is mainly based on achieving a complete remission of the disease, guided by laboratory tests where better values are evidenced, considering that the basis of treatment in all patients is the administration of Hydroxychloroquine