Asociación entre la disbiosis y la depresión. Revisión sistemática

Abstract

Importance: The World Health Organization (WHO) classifies depression as a public health issue affecting more than 350 million individuals worldwide; to date, several studies mention the relationship between the gut-brain axis, while others mention the opposite. Objective: To establish the association between Dysbiosis and Depression. Methodology: It is a systematic literature review that employed the PRISMA methodology with scientific sources that met the established inclusion parameters. The databases used were PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. The search terms in DeCS were (Association, Gut Microbiota, Dysbiosis, Depression) and in MeSH (Association, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Dysbiosis, Depression), using boolean connectors "AND," "OR," and "NOT," using articles from the last five years in English and Spanish, with bias analysis conducted using the SCImago Journal & Country Rank (JCR) Impact Index. Results: Nine studies supporting the association between Dysbiosis and Depression were found, based on the PICO question, considering triggering factors such as gastrointestinal pathologies and their accompanying symptoms. In contrast, two studies showed discrepancies in the relationship, based on microbial analysis. Conclusions and Relevance: It was determined that there is a relationship between Dysbiosis and Depression as they share different communication pathways and cause dysregulation between the gut-brain axis, leading to depressive symptoms. However, the reviewed studies suggest further research to strengthen this relationship, as these studies are based on some underlying diseases