Eficacia del lecanamab versus donanemab en el tratamiento de la enfermedad de Alzheimer: revisión sistemática

Abstract

Background: Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neuropathology that affects memory and cognitive abilities. This condition is considered the most common type of dementia, and among the drugs under study are lecanemab and donanemab. Objective: This study aimed to identify the efficacy of Lecanemab versus Donanemab in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Methodology: A systematic review included articles published in medical databases such as SpringerLink, PubMed, Scopus, and Elsevier. Keywords were used as search descriptors, and Boolean operators were applied to optimize search results. A screening of the articles was conducted. The PRISMA 2020 statement was followed, and a quality assessment of the studies and risk of bias analysis was performed. Results: A total of seven clinical trials meeting the predefined objectives of this research were included. All studies provided high-quality information. Donanemab showed a 36% disease-slowing rate, with adverse effects occurring in 15% to 20% of cases. Meanwhile, lecanemab demonstrated a 32.5% disease-slowing rate, with adverse effects reported in 15% to 27% of cases. Conclusions: The efficacy of both drugs showed advantages in slowing disease and reducing amyloid plaque, using lecanemab and donanemab. The most notable adverse effects included dizziness, falls, microhemorrhages, and very low fatality rates. Keywords: amyloid, donanemab, Alzheimer's disease, lecanemab, mental disorders