Eficacia de levetiracetam y valproato en epilepsia generalizada infantil: revisión sistemática.

Abstract

Generalized epilepsy is a chronic, recurrent clinical syndrome of paroxysmal origin with various etiological causes, affecting both cerebral hemispheres and primarily targeting neurons in the brain's central region. It is classified into three subtypes: convulsive, absence, and myoclonic seizures. Several treatments are available for generalized epilepsy, with levetiracetam and valproate being among the most commonly used. Objective: To determine the efficacy of levetiracetam and valproate in pediatric generalized epilepsy. Methods: A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. This descriptive study is based on scientific studies published in major databases, including PubMed and Taylor & Francis, focusing on the effectiveness of levetiracetam and valproate in pediatric patients with generalized epilepsy. Results: Twelve scientific documents were identified, including eight from PubMed and four from Taylor & Francis. After applying eligibility criteria and analyzing each article's abstracts, results, and conclusions, ten were randomized controlled clinical trials, one was a prospective cohort study, and one was a retrospective cohort study. Conclusions: In individuals with generalized tonic-clonic seizures (with or without other types of epileptic seizures), first-line treatment with sodium valproate has the best profile compared to other treatments. However, lamotrigine and levetiracetam may be considered first-line alternative treatments, particularly for individuals for whom sodium valproate is not a viable treatment option. Keywords: efficacy, levetiracetam, generalized epilepsy