Sensibilidad y especificidad de los marcadores antiangiogénicos versus ecografía doppler de arterias uterinas para el diagnóstico de preeclampsia. Revisión sistemática

Abstract

Objectives: To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of antiangiogenic markers in the early detection of preeclampsia compared to uterine artery Doppler ultrasound through a systematic review analysis. Methodology: A descriptive, qualitative, and retrospective systematic review was conducted. The inclusion criteria encompassed articles in English, Spanish, or Portuguese published from 2014 to 2024 focusing on angiogenic factors and Doppler ultrasound, linked to indexed journals, freely accessible, and available in full text. Exclusion criteria included articles published before 2014, studies involving other biomarkers, paid articles, or those not published in the languages mentioned above. Information sources included online search engines, the physical and virtual library of the Catholic University of Cuenca, and e-books. The Cochrane Review Manager 5.4.1 tool was used to assess the risk of bias for case-control and cohort studies. Results: Twelve articles were included from the following databases: PubMed (2), Scopus (3), Web of Science (2), Springer Link (2), and Science Direct (3). A total of 13,234 patients were analyzed. The studies explored preeclampsia from various perspectives, such as prediction in different trimesters, angiogenic factors, and maternal-fetal risks. Conclusions: The analysis of antiangiogenic markers, specifically the sFlt-1/PIGF ratio, has proven to be an effective tool in predicting preeclampsia, improving sensitivity and specificity compared to traditional methods. Combining these markers with uterine artery Doppler ultrasound enhanced diagnostic accuracy. Keywords: Doppler ultrasound, antiangiogenic factors, prediction, preeclampsia, sFlT- 1/PlGF ratio