Asociación entre el estado nutricional y función pulmonar en niños sin enfermedad respiratoria

Abstract

The WHO defines malnutrition as a deficiency, excess or imbalance in the intake of energy and nutrients. The nutrition of mothers, babies and children has been shown to have a major impact on their growth and development, as well as their future socio-economic status. Studies carried out by the National Health and Family Survey, the United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund and the WHO have shown that malnutrition rates in adolescents, pregnant and lactating women, and children are alarmingly high. Objective. The objective of this study is to evaluate the association between nutritional status and lung function in children without respiratory disease. Materials and method. A narrative bibliographic review of observational studies in the scientific literature was carried out to investigate the relationship between nutritional status and lung function in children without respiratory disease. Original articles and meta-analyses were searched in the Medline (Pubmed), SciELO, and Web of Science databases, using the following search algorithm: (nutritional status) and (children) and (respiratory disease). Conclusion. In conclusion, nutrition is essential for respiratory health. Malnutrition increases the risk of respiratory infection, while at the same time, infection increases energy and nutrient consumption, which can lead to malnutrition. In addition, malnutrition also affects lung function and structure, as well as the immune system's ability to fight infection. Therefore, it is important to ensure adequate nutrition to prevent and treat respiratory diseases.