Manejo de enfermería en el dolor postoperatorio. Revisión sistemática

Abstract

Objective: To analyze the scientific literature on nursing management in postoperative pain. Methodology: A bibliographic review was conducted using specific keyword search strategies in databases such as SciELO, PubMed, Medline, and Elsevier, covering the last 5 years (since 2018) in both Spanish and English. According to the selected databases for the study, 47.37% (9 out of 19) of the articles were sourced from PubMed, 36.84% (7 out of 19) from Scopus, and 15.79% (3 out of 19) from SciELO. Results: Studies on postoperative pain management emphasize the importance of various strategies, including continuous assessment with standardized scales and patient education to improve treatment adherence, and the role of nursing staff. The multimodal approach and implementation of clinical guidelines such as Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) have shown effectiveness, although the lack of standardized protocols and adequate resources may limit outcomes. Nursing professionals face significant challenges due to the absence of clear policies and insufficient training. Moreover, practices vary according to region and individual patient characteristics, highlighting the need to personalize interventions to optimize pain management. Conclusion: Postoperative pain management requires personalized approaches, continuous assessment, and proper training to improve outcomes and treatment adherence. Keywords: postoperative pain, nursing care, pain management, perioperative nursing