Factores de riesgo asociado a Retinopatía Diabética. Revisión Sistemática

Abstract

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most common microvascular complication (50%) that can occur in all types of diabetes mellitus (DM) and is the leading cause of blindness in people aged 20 to 74. The prevalence and incidence of DR increase with poor glycemic control. Objective: To investigate the risk factors associated with Diabetic Retinopathy Methodology: This research was a qualitative systematic literature review with a descriptive analysis. Virtual libraries like SciELO and Taylor and Francis were considered for their organization and literature review. The Zotero bibliographic manager was used, and the methodology of the PRISMA 2020 Guide was followed. Results: A total of 8,543 records were obtained, and after applying filters, 12 from SciELO and 14 from Taylor and Francis were selected, these were added to those reviewed for theoretical information, and it was gathered a total of 44. The primary risk factors for developing Diabetic Retinopathy are long-term diabetes, arterial hypertension, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, hyperlipidemia, pregnancy, recurrent high levels of Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), obesity, and smoking, among others. Discussion: Based on the results, some of the collected data align with the study’s objectives, while others do not. Keywords: diabetic retinopathy, diabetes mellitus, glycemia, hypertension, hyperglycemia