Epidemiologia del Bruxismo en Latinoamérica en los últimos 5 años. Revisión Sistemática

Abstract

Introduction: Bruxism is a disorder affecting the masticatory muscles, generating rhythmic and abnormal movements; this condition occurs during sleep or wakefulness and has a multifactorial origin. Objective: To analyze the epidemiological behavior of bruxism in Latin America from 2019 to 2024. Materials and Methods: A search was conducted from 2019 to 2024, reviewing studies in scientific databases such as SciELO, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Redalyc. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, including 12 articles using Boolean operators: OR, AND, and NOT. Results: Twelve observational studies were analyzed, highlighting Brazil with a prevalence of 41.11 in 2022; in terms of types of bruxism, the most prone was wakefulness with 33.4%, and the predisposing age group was adolescents with 36.4%; in terms of gender, the female presented the highest prevalence with 68.1%, finally regarding risk factors, dental interference is the most prevalent with 95.5%. Conclusion: According to the review, the occurrence is considered relatively moderate, with an irregular distribution with the highest peak in 2022, decreasing in 2023 and 2024. Similarly, waking bruxism was slightly higher in terms of age group and gender distribution; the most affected, according to the studies, were adolescents and females, concerning risk factors, it is almost universally reported that dental interferences are the most contributing factors to the development of bruxism.

Keywords: Bruxism, Prevalence, Etiology, Epidemiology, Latin America.