Actualización terapéutica del síndrome de ojo seco

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Dry eye syndrome is a multifactorial pathology that affects the ocular surface, causing dryness, visual changes, varying degrees of ocular inflammation, or permanent ocular problems. OBJECTIVE: To describe the diagnostic and therapeutic advances in dry eye syndrome. METHODOLOGY: This work was carried out by means of a review of the scientific literature regarding the diagnosis and therapeutic update of dry eye syndrome in databases and scientific search engines "PubMed, Scopus, Medline, Cochrane, and ScienceDirect," being the main strategy articles of the last five years. RESULTS: Being a multifactorial entity, dry eye symptoms depend on the triggering factor. They usually present a foreign body sensation, ocular irritation, pain or burning, photosensitivity and redness. To date, there is no "Gold Standard" test to accurately diagnose dry eye disease because the symptoms are not very specific. Currently, there are treatments to combat the disease, including intense pulsed light (IPL), autologous serum (AS), long-acting diquafosol (DE-089C), botulinum toxin A (BTA), and hydroculaire, which allow hydration of the tear film in moderate to severe cases. CONCLUSION: New advances in the diagnosis of this pathology are limited due to its multifactorial characteristics; therefore, the treatment is directed according to the triggering factors of each patient