Enfermería en el hipotiroidismo subclínico a nivel Latinoamericano

Abstract

Subclinical hypothyroidism (SHI) is characterized by the elevation of TSH hormone and by presenting asymptomatically, where nursing care is relevant because timely patient education allows early identification of symptoms as well as the appropriate initiation of treatment. Objective: To conduct a literature review on nursing in subclinical hypothyroidism in Latin America. Methodology: A literature review was conducted in the following databases: Scopus, Taylor and Francis, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Medigraphic, and Scielo, obtaining a total of 50 scientific documents, from which 45 are articles, 3 are literature reviews, and 2 are clinical practice guidelines. Results: The countries with the highest prevalence of CAH are: Argentina, Brazil, and Peru, The associated factors are gender, family and personal history, non-potable water consumption, and prolonged use of antiretroviral drugs. The treatment of choice is pharmacological with levothyroxine, and as an adjuvant, the proper nutrition and periodic medical controls; within the complications infertility, abortion, gestational arterial hypertension, cognitive impairment in older adults, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular risk were identified. The nursing staff intervenes through prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Conclusions: The prevalence of CAH at the Latin American level is high (over 20%), and nursing care consists of patient education through health promotion providing timely information on the symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of the disease to improve the state of health as well as to prevent complications associated with the pathology. Keywords: Latin america, subclinical hypothyroidism, prevalence, associated factors and nursing