Enfermería en el control de la tuberculosis pulmonar en adultos jóvenes en Latinoamérica

Abstract

Pulmonary tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), which is usually transmitted through the respiratory tract, deteriorating the quality of life of the individual. Objective: To present the evidence and research with more impact concerning pulmonary tuberculosis in young adults in Latin America. Methodology: Literature review study by searching scientific documents through the following databases: Pubmed, Scopus, Web: Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, Proquest, Taylor & Francis, in addition to scientific documents from health organizations. Keywords in both Spanish and English were utilized with the combination of Boolean operators to generate the search equations. Amongst the inclusion criteria, we have all information from scientific papers published from 2016 to 2020. Result: At present, the prevalence in the young adult population has increased over time, with an estimated 235,345 cases of TB in 2018 in Latin America, owing to demographic and toxic factors that are associated with the evolution of TB. As part of the strategies to control TB, early diagnosis and detection of new cases are fundamental; however, the delay in obtaining results and poor adherence to treatment provokes obstacles. TB requires a multidisciplinary approach in which nurses play an important role, from diagnosis to education of the population. Conclusion: Pulmonary tuberculosis continues to be a pathology of great relevance at a global and national level, which affects both underdeveloped and advanced nations. Although cases of tuberculosis have decreased over time, it continues to generate a public health concern. KEYWORDS: pulmonary tuberculosis, nursing role, young adult, latin america, antibiotic resistance, barriers, strategies