Intervención psicológica para el manejo el dolor en personas con enfermedades crónicas

Abstract

This research focuses on chronic pain in patients with chronic diseases, emphasizing its sensory and emotional nature as demonstrated by the IASP. This study aims to analyze psychological interventions to enhance the patients’ quality of life and psychosocial environment. Objective: To analyze the main psychological alternatives for treating chronic pain in patients with chronic diseases. Methodology: This research used the PRISMA methodology, enabling a comprehensive literature review with a qualitative descriptive approach. This tool facilitated the search for scientific articles aimed at improving search accuracy. Results: Psychological interventions, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy, acceptance, commitment, mindfulness, and multimodal therapy, show significant benefits in reducing depression, anxiety, stress, and physical pain associated with chronic pain. The results indicate improvements in the emotional and physical well-being of the participants, highlighting the effectiveness of these interventions in the patient's overall health. Conclusion: Psychological interventions related to interdisciplinary work for this type of population, as well as information gathering and interventions, have been shown to reduce physical and psychological symptoms positively. They serve as tools to enhance coping skills, enabling patients to manage their illnesses functionally in their daily lives.