SÍNDROME MULTISISTÉMICO INFLAMATORIO EN POBLACIÓN PEDIÁTRICA ASOCIADO A COVID-19

Abstract

Background: Multisystemic inflammatory Syndrome (MIS) associated with COVID-19 is a severe condition that occurs as a post-infectious complication of SARS-CoV-2. Nationally and globally, MIS is prevalent in male pediatric patients aged 1 to 15 years of Hispanic and African-American ethnicity. The clinical course of the disease is triggered by nonspecific symptoms, leading to late and uncertain diagnosis. Objective: To conduct a literature review on multisystemic inflammatory syndrome in the pediatric population associated with COVID-19 by compiling current scientific articles. Methodology: A literature review was conducted with a qualitative approach, non-experimental and descriptive cross-sectional documentary design. Publications from databases such as Medigraphic, National Library of Medicine, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, PubMed, SciELO, Elsevier, Dialnet, and ResearchGate published from 2018 to 2023 in Spanish and English were considered. Results: Sixty articles were reviewed; five were excluded due to incomplete versions, four with insufficient information, and seven duplicates. Consequently, 14 articles were excluded, and 46 were included. Discussion: One of the main points of discussion has focused on the fact that MIS-COVID-19 is a hyperinflammatory condition that occurs weeks after SARS-CoV-2 incubation. The dysregulated immune response translates into fever, mucocutaneous lesions, and gastrointestinal, respiratory, neurological, cardiovascular, and renal manifestations. Hospital admission is necessary in isolation areas and Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) for multidisciplinary management based on immunomodulatory, antiplatelet, and cardiological therapy. Keywords: COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome, Kawasaki disease, pediatrics