Enfermedad periodontal en pacientes pediátricos, revisión de literatura

Abstract

Introduction: Periodontal disease encompasses various chronic inflammatory conditions that affect the gums, soft tissue surrounding the teeth, the bone, and the ligament that holds the teeth in place to protect and insert them. Gingivitis manifests as a common condition in the oral cavity, mainly characterized by the excessive accumulation of microorganisms such as bacteria. Its most evident and frequent symptom is bleeding gums. Periodontitis, in contrast, represents a highly complex condition characterized by several interacting factors, including the relationship between subgingival biofilm, immune and inflammatory responses, and the influence of various environmental factors. Objective: To analyze the etiology, epidemiology, diagnosis, and stomatological management of periodontal disease in pediatric patients. Methodology: A methodological approach was used to investigate this topic by analyzing relevant scientific articles and books published in the last twelve years. Searches were conducted using scientific databases such as PubMed and SciELO. Conclusions: The analysis of periodontal disease in pediatric patients has provided a deeper insight and a solid basis for addressing this condition effectively. The knowledge acquired through this objective promotes oral health in the pediatric and adolescent population, highlighting the importance of early and adequate dental care.