Proceso de atención de enfermería en pacientes adultos con hipertensión arterial

Abstract

Background: Arterial hypertension is a multifactorial pathology characterized by silent onset and high mortality. Objective: To conduct critical and updated research on the Nursing Care Plan (NCP) in adult patients with hypertension. Methodology: Descriptive bibliographic review, narrative in scientific databases such as ScienceDirect, Scopus, Taylor & Francis, ProQuest, PubMed, Redalyc, ResearchGate, Trip Database, Medscape, SciELO, and institutional websites like the World Health Organization. Health Science keywords (DeCS) included arterial hypertension prevalence, associated factors, treatment, and nursing care. Results: In high- and middle-income countries, the majority of hypertension (HTA) showed a higher percentage in adults, 24.1% in men and 20.1% in women, in the year 2015. Among the associated factors, obesity was predominant, representing 51.8%, followed by overweight at 27%. In 2021, an increase in complications was observed, with a 36% rise in mortality from circulatory system diseases, including heart conditions. The therapeutic approach involves three antihypertensive agents (renin-angiotensin system [RAS] blocker + calcium channel blocker [CCB] + diuretic). The tools enabling nurses to organize their care include using standardized taxonomies such as The North American Nursing Diagnosis Association (NANDA), Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC), and Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC). It includes outcome labels that assess and monitor a patient's health status or level of health, allowing for improving intervention effectiveness. Conclusions: Nursing care actions should be framed within an approach to reduce complications.