Enfermedad hepática metabólica: revisión bibliográfica

Abstract

Introduction: metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MASLD) has emerged as a primary challenge in public health, linking to metabolic disorders and cardiovascular diseases. This pathology, which involves the accumulation of fat in the liver, has the potential to progress to more severe conditions, such as cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma. Objective: the primary aim is to investigate the prevalence and risk factors associated with MASLD globally, as well as to explore its connection with other comorbidities. Moreover, the intent is to identify lesser-known areas and establish a foundation for future treatments and interventions. Methodology: a bibliographic review of scientific literature on MASLD published in the last five years was conducted. Systematic reviews, meta-analyses, high-quality clinical studies, and high-impact journals were prioritized. The search was carried out in recognized databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Results: the terminology shift from NAFLD to MASLD emphasizes a more etiology-centered approach on the metabolic aspect. The global prevalence stands at 25%, with significant associations with cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. There are complex and multifactorial processes involved in the disease's pathogenesis. The need for personalized treatments is also underscored, especially for those patients not represented in clinical trials. Conclusion: MASLD is a pathology of growing prevalence that demands attention in research and treatment. A multidisciplinary and personalized approach is essential, considering both clinical and socio-economic aspects. Despite the evolution in understanding the disease, there are still areas that require deeper and more detailed research. Keywords: comorbidity, metabolic syndrome, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, prevalence, risk factors.